Nuclear Energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Atomic Energy - Essay Example Sun oriented vitality is the greatest wellspring of vitality. Electrical vitality can be created legitimately from sunlight based vitality by utilizing sun based photograph voltaic boards. Electrical vitality can likewise be created by centering numerous light emissions at a point to produce electrical vitality utilizing the warm vitality delivered by centered pillars. Sunlight based vitality has the greatest potential among all the inexhaustible wellsprings of vitality. A photograph voltaic sun oriented board utilizes semiconductor material, which create power when photons strike its surface. In the event that there are sun powered boards on each home, the need of vitality can be satisfied (West 2011). A breeze generator creates electrical force by using streamlined vitality of the breeze and changing over it to electrical vitality. At the point when wind strikes the turbine blasts of a breeze generator, it runs the generator. An electrical force generator, if a changeless magnet ty pe, pivots magnets around a loop in such a manner, that the magnets cut the transition, hence producing electrical force. There a two normal plans of a breeze turbine flat pivot wind turbine and vertical hub wind turbine. Both of the structures are sufficient productive to create electrical force even in a low wind conditions. Wind power holds the second greatest capability of vitality. A hydro power plant catches the hydrodynamic vitality of running water and used it to produce electrical force. Dams are built as supplies of water, where water is gathered from waterways and streams however for the most part streams. That water go through various turbines to gather hydrodynamic vitality from water and convert it to mechanical vitality. The mechanical vitality is then changed over back to the electrical vitality. There are numerous hydro power stations everywhere throughout the world and they are being used for over eighty years (Renewable Energy World .com 2011). Flowing vitality ge nerator changes over flowing vitality to electrical vitality. A flowing generator chips away at the guideline of elevated tide and low tide. It has a similar system as that of an even pivot wind turbine however in flowing vitality generator, turbines are lowered under the water to gather the vitality from the low or elevated tide. These sorts of generators can likewise be used to gather vitality from running water as in the waterways, streams and other running water sources. Enormous flowing units can be put at shores and at the streams. Geothermal vitality can be caught from geothermal grounds. This sort of vitality is essentially a warm vitality and a geothermal force plant goes about as a warm force plant, where water is changed over into steam which at that point runs the turbine to create electrical force. Long funnels are drilled into the earth where geothermal grounds are available. Water is gone through these funnels, where it is warmed by the warm vitality starting from the earliest stage changed over into steam (West 2011). There are a few geothermal grounds on the planet and vitality can be produced by utilizing these geothermal plants. Biomass vitality can be removed from biomass or from natural waste. Biomass is gasified to create a gas that can be scorched to produce electrical vitality. These techniques are not new, they are being used in numerous nations for a long time. Biomass can be created from crude wood, natural waste and other natural sources. Some of the time smaller scale life forms are associated with the procedure to catch bio methane or bio gas from biomass. Thusly the side-effect can be used as a compost,

Writing a Custom Research Paper

Writing a Custom Research PaperThe best way to ensure that your custom research paper is of a high standard is to follow the recommendations of an agency. Custom research is perhaps the most difficult type of writing to do. There are many factors to consider, and while you may be good at producing original, clear writing for clients, no one can write the perfect paper for you. The best source for information is an agency, which will give you ideas and advice for the types of writing styles you should be using, and the types of references you should be including in your paper.How to write a custom research paper? The first thing to do is define what research you are doing. What interests you, what ideas or situations is it best suited for, and why is it important? It is good to start thinking about these before you start writing, so that you can come up with some ideas that will be most appropriate for your clients.There are several tips that can help you when writing a custom researc h paper. You will want to ensure that the type of paper you are writing is suited to your audience, because this will dictate the style of paper you should be using. For example, if you are writing about a hypothetical situation, you will want to look for ideas that are unusual, and unusual examples will be more interesting than an everyday event.Once you have some ideas of the topics you want to cover, look for good reference materials. A typical problem for any writer is finding good references, so make sure that you pay attention to how the sources come to you. It is usually best to base your research on true events, since even experts will sometimes disagree with each other on certain points.Then look for people who have real problems. Research can be confusing, but if you go into it with a sense of curiosity, you will be able to determine if the problem is well-known. Another option is to ask a friend or relative. This is a good way to find good people, but you should also make sure that they are credible sources, because if you are hiring your friend, you don't want to be paying them later on.Researching for references is the best way to produce a clear paper. References will allow you to get feedback from readers who have previously read your work and provide you with input on topics, not only about how they were written but how they worked. It is better to write a good reference than it is to write poorly about a well-known topic.In order to write a good custom research paper, you should use all your resources. It is best to try and work from the best sources possible, so that you will get the best results. When you work with a reliable professional, you should be happy with the final product. If you have been using bad practices, you will soon know that it will take some time to get to that point.If you are interested in learning more about custom research paper writing, check out the resources provided by some agencies. Many companies offer advice, w hich can help you start a successful research paper. It's definitely worth it!

The Reporting of Human Resource Accounting

Section ONE INTRODUCTION 1. 1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Indeed, bookkeeping calling is a calling that incorporates other calling and that is the reason bookkeeping has for the most part been idea of as profoundly specialized field that must be comprehended by the experts (contracted bookkeepers). Likewise, it has regularly been called ‘the language of business. Indeed, individuals in the business world proprietors, administrators, banks, stockbrokers, financial specialists, human asset chiefs, legal counselors, to make reference to a couple of all uses bookkeeping terms and ideas to portray their assets and the movement of each business they participate in whether huge or little. While, as indicated by the word reference of the executives by Daniel Hartzell ‘Human Resource Accounting’ is characterized as an idea that sees the workers of an association as capital resources like plant and hardware. It is imperative to state here that HR bookkeeping includes estimating the expenses acquired by business associations and different elements to enlist, train, create and keep up their human capital. It likewise includes estimating the financial estimation of individuals to association. These individuals comprise of providers, clients and the general public in general. It's anything but an exaggeration to state that we are living in a period of bookkeeping and as such HR bookkeeping must not be viewed as a customary idea in the field of bookkeeping however as a present pattern that has come to remain. Be that as it may, in this investigation, center will be set around HR bookkeeping and how it will be accounted for in the fiscal report, which additionally mean the capitalization of HR as an advantage which can be amortized. In spite of the fact that, the value of HR might be genuinely hard to evaluate, henceforth there is no motivation to esteem them at zero or not to record them in the budget report as a benefit. In the event that the adjustment in the estimation of cash are represented, devaluation and support of plants and apparatus are likewise represented various alterations are made in material, hardware and other resource in this manner, consideration in the budget summary, human perspective which structure around seventy-five percent or a greater amount of the all out resource that makes up the creation in the associations are just represented regarding pay and wages. Keep such data separate from budget report presents just twenty-five or less level of the expense of creation. In view of this, such fiscal summary doesn't give absolute data to dynamic. 1. 2 STATEMENT OF* THE* PROBLEM While the idea ‘human assets accounting’ is naturally appealing, the noteworthy issues it postures won't be hidden away from plain view. With the end goal of this examination the accompanying issues are regions we to proffer answer for: The potential methods for estimating the money related worth of a person in an association. The treatment of HR as an advantage for be amortized additional time in the budget report. The most effective method to gauge the impact of administrative activity to worker good, profitability and turnover. To outfit an increasingly complete and practical image of the association monetary quality and the all out commitment to the economy when all is said in done. {text:list-item} The point of this investigation is to assess HR bookkeeping and treatment in fiscal report. It is appropriate to take note of that destinations are recognizes into two divisions; the general or expansive targets and the particular goals. Remembering the difficult this investigation would like to give an answer for, the general goal is to accomplish a formation of thought to be utilized by a further analyst for the detailing of any method, for the fiscal estimation of HR and the particular destinations is the readiness of a progressively complete budget report given the money related worth. {text:list-item} Employees as individual are not ordinarily represented rather the estimation of their yield is represented and the pace of their compensation in the idea of pay rates and wages are represented. This examination mean to arrange workers as resource and offer an incentive to them in like manner and make thoughts to help the definition of measure for treating them in the budget report. {text:list-item} The constraints to the investigation include: INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITIES: There is restricted library and PC offices which have net impact on this examination work. Restricted FUND: The circumstances of the economy establish issues to understudies as identifying with raising assets. Constrained TIME: Due to the idea of the school schedule, there is next to zero time to do satisfactory research on the investigation being finished. text:list-item} The followings are the examination question to be thought of: How can money related estimations of employee’s administration be built up? Will this money related worth guide the executives in inner control? What are the potential impacts of the money related worth of employee’s administrations to the benefit of an associatio n? What effect would preparing and advancement of workers have on the presentation of an association? {text:list-item} The theories to be tried are expressed beneath: H0: Most salary proclamations are inadequate without sufficient thought and consideration of the HR component in the budget report. H1: Most pay proclamations are finished without sufficient thought and consideration of the HR in the fiscal report. H0: There is requirement for capitalization and amortization of HR like other fixed resource in the budget summary. {text:list-item} FINANCIAL STATEMENT: This are the bookkeeping reports in regard of the monetary exercises of a venture, arranged intermittently and normally toward the finish of each budgetary year. These announcements structure a necessary piece of the company’s yearly report and records while their segments are determined in both CAMA and the Statement of Accounting (SAS) No. . CAPITAL ASSETS: Assets including speculations not held available to be purchased, transformation or utilization in the ordinary course of business. Capital resources are particular kinds of advantages that meet all requirements for extraordinary treatment when additions and misfortunes result from exchanges including the benefits. AMORTIZATION: It is the discounting of be nefits, the lives of which are resolved not by crumbling or out of date quality, however the expiry of the residency of possession. It is recognized from devaluation in that there is commonly no decay in the exhibition of the advantage during its life. Amortization is for elusive resource. Upper casing: The term â€Å"capitalization† is gotten from the word â€Å"capital†. Capitalization is the way toward deciding long haul capital necessities of a business and getting capital for it from different wellsprings of store. HUMAN CAPITAL: That piece of an association capital spoke to by the capacity, experience and aptitude of its work power. It alludes to the information, instruction, preparing, aptitudes and experience of a firm’s specialist that have financial incentive to the association. {text:list-item} Access Bank Plc. was fused in 1989 as a private restricted obligation organization with possession living with Nigerians and institutional financial specialists. The Bank was along these lines recorded on the Nigerian Stock Exchange in 1998. Access Bank Plc. is a full help corporate †business bank working through a system of over branches and administration outlets situated in every significant focus and urban communities across Nigeria, Gambia and Sierra Leone. Access Bank is perceived as Nigeria’s quickest developing bank in the quickest developing segment of the quickest developing African economy. Access Bank had reliably developed at a triple digit across key execution pointers since 2002; an unparallel presentation in Nigeria and without a doubt in Africa. Subsequently, from a low positioning situation in the Nigerian financial industry in 2002, the bank had risen altogether to rank among Nigeria’s top 10 financial gatherings. Access Bank had carefully manufactured a considerable brand throughout the years in its proceeded with drive towards getting one of Nigeria’s driving monetary establishments with the arrangement of its present supervisory group in 2002. Access Bank has effectively actualized a two dimensional development methodology of both natural and inorganic development with the goal of rising as one of the main three banks in Nigeria inside the following five years (2007-2012). THE POST CONSOLIDATION Access Bank Plc. was one of the first to effectively agree to the Central Bank of Nigeria’s banking solidification arrangement through the securing of two Nigerian banks: Capital Bank International Plc. (some time ago Commercial Bank Credit Lyonnaise Ltd) and Marina International Bank Ltd (in the past Allied Irish Bank). The three banks’ individuals, procedures, frameworks and innovation were completely coordinated in a record time of 60 days. The Access Bank Plc. mix approach is presently the model for combination in the financial business. After the administration and staff of the Bank, the Netherlands Development Finance Company (FMO) of the Netherlands is among various critical institutional financial specialists in Access Bank Plc. stock, having put US$15million in the bank by method for direct value in 2005. This delineates the level of certainty global financial specialists have in the bank, its corporate administration and the board techniques. The bank in 2007 led an exceptionally fruitful neighborhood and worldwide open arrangements of regular stock which has seen its shareholders’ reserves develop by 560% to roughly N160billion. Part TWO LITERATURE REVIEW {text:list-item} The term ‘human assets bookkeeping has been conceptualized to include estimating the expenses acquired by business association and different substances to select, train, create and keep up their human capital. In any case, a review of this examination study shows that if analyst must talk about or explore on HR bookkeeping, certain related terms, for example, HR arranging, human resour

Computers Science

Lan Report - Dna Biochem - 2332 Words

ASSIGNMENT 1: PROPERTIES OF DNA/RNA Introduction: The polymerase chain reaction is an innovative technology, which amplifies a single piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude. The end result is the creation of thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. PCR is closely patterned after the natural principle of DNA replication. It is a three-step process, referred to as a cycle, that is repeated a specified number of times. One PCR cycle consists of the following steps: * Denaturation * Annealing * Extension This process takes place in a thermal cycles, usually between 30 and 40 cycles. In the initial step, heat (usually hotter than 90 degrees Celsius) separates double-stranded DNA into†¦show more content†¦Figure 1: Electrophoresis Gel Pattern for Sex Determination A photograph of an agrose gel pattern. DNA obtained by scrapings from epithelial lining of subjects mouth was synthesized with ologioucucleotide primers specific to either the X chromosome or Y chromosome, thus allowing for the determination of the sex of the subject by assessing the migration appearance of precipitated DNA after agrose gel electrophoresis. Molecular weight marker were loaded in the middle lane (Lane 6) which consisted of small DNA ladder containing fragmented of DNA sized 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200 and 100bp which acted as a control. Lane 1: Mouth Scrapping DNA Lane 2: Intact Genomic E.Coli DNA Lane 3: Restriction Enzyme Lane 4: pUC 19 DNA Lane 5: PUC 19 digested Hinf I Lane 6: pUC 19 digested Hinf I (Ethanol Precipitated) Lane 7: Large DNA ladder size standard Lane 8: E.Coli RNA/DNA – not treated Lane 9: Not Loaded Lane 10: E.Coli RNA/DNA – Finger RNAse treated Lane 11: E.Coli RNA/DNA – Commercial ribonuclease treated Lane 12: E.Coli RNA/DNA – NaOH treated Lane 13: Yeast RNA Lane 1: Mouth Scrapping DNA Lane 2: Intact Genomic E.Coli DNA Lane 3: Restriction Enzyme Lane 4: pUC 19 DNA Lane 5: PUC 19 digested Hinf I Lane 6: pUC 19 digested Hinf I (Ethanol Precipitated) Lane 7: Large DNA ladder size standard Lane 8: E.Coli RNA/DNA – not treated Lane 9: Not Loaded Lane 10: E.Coli RNA/DNA – Finger RNAse

Questions On The Problem Of Iphone 5s Ios - 1425 Words

†¢ Syed Rizwan Farook, one of the shooters who killed 14 people and wounded 17 others, killed by police men in a gun battle, carried an iPhone 5C. To further investigate the shooting case FBI wanted to unlock his phone so that his contacts, plan, the conversation could be accessed. †¢ FBI could not unlock the phone. iPhone 5S iOS has a function which causes the data on the phone to auto-erase if multiple wrongs passwords are used to unlock the phone. If the data gets erased from his phone, FBI would lose many potential leads. To help investigate further, on Feb16, 2016 United States Magistrate judge Sheri Pym asks Apple to provide technical assistance to unlock the phone. †¢ The help requested was to bypass the auto-erase function allowing†¦show more content†¦Tim adds this act will make all the iPhone users vulnerable to security attacks. †¢ Apple gets support from the CEOs of Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Twitter. †¢ Apple struck back in court against the requirements of FBI and they would face an evidentiary hearing on Mar22 when testimony from witnesses on both sides will be heard. 3. Identify the pros and cons (reasons in favor of Apple unlocking Farook’s iPhone and reasons opposing unlocking the iPhone); Pros †¢ We need to understand that lives were lost at San Bernardino and there are bad people in the society, who continually try to disturb the peace and harmony in the society, negatively impacting the development of the society. If we do not allow investigating bodies like FBI do their task efficiently, the society cannot be a safe place for all of us to live and prosper. So Apple should help in unlocking the phone. †¢ Apple is doing a great business with great products and services and for that matter, there are many other flourishing businesses around the world. These companies are able to focus on their development activities because they are able to operate fearlessly in the country. This fearless mode is provided and ensured by the government and the hard work of FBI and other secret agencies. If we cannot make the society/country safe, no business can survive. Bottom-line, business exists when people exist, but it’s not

Essay on Terraforming Mars By Top Experts-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Your essay should be written for a well informed but non-specialist audience. The style (not the format) used in popular science magazines such as Scientific American or New Scientist would be a suitable guide. Remember, you are not writing for experts, so if you use technical jargon you will need to explain it.topic of the essay is Terraforming MarsIs it feasible to turn Mars into a habitable planet, as described, for example, in KimStanley Robinsons science fiction trilogy, Red Mars, Green Mars, Blue Mars? Ifso, is this a goal we should pursue? Answer: Abstract Mars is long lasting attraction for habitation. Similarities in several issues like rotational times, gravitational forces, axial tilt etc made the option of considering mars for habitation. However there are still difficulties like not existence of the magnetic field, no proper atmosphere etc. The present essay review several features in presenting an overview of terraforming mars. Preface Terraforming of Mars is a process of making the planet habituated. It is nothing but transforming the hostile atmosphere on the planet mars to the one that is habitable. The process of changing the planet involves colonization of the total space on the mars hospitable to the human beings. This will make the atmosphere more comfortable and safer for living on. Terraforming is actually conceptualized by considering the increased global population and the problems with the life basic necessities. There are several challenges in making the planet habituated (J, 1992) (Haynes et al, 1992) (McKay et al, 1991) (Fogg, 1995). Problems and challenges in terraforming Gravitational force on Mars is very less when compared with the gravitational force on earth. Gravitation on Mars is only 38% of the gravitational force on the planet Earth. Weightlessness is one of the specific conditions, which are detrimental to the human beings wellbeing. However 38% of the earths gravitational force may not be sufficient to make the people on Mars for leading a life without health problems. When compared with the atmosphere of the earth the atmosphere on the planet mars is not thick. Even though the solar wind effect is higher on the earth when compared with Mars, the lower volatility is still not compensating the low gravity effect of the planet Mars. Hence it is very much needed to keep up the sources of the atmospheric gases to keep the environment sufficiently dense for the human beings to lead a comfortable life. There is no magnetosphere on the mars, this is a reason for the low dense atmosphere on the planet. Also this is contributing factor for the loss of water from the Mars. Apart from these issues protection of Ozone layer to prevent UV rays is not there on mars, which makes the people vulnerable to the x-ray exposure and the subsequent diseases. There is need for atleast 31T of magnetic field on the planet Mars to keep the effects of the solar wind at its distance from the Sun. However still the Mars is diagnosed like containing life habitable conditions which make it fit for in the zone nearer to the extendable habitable zone. Mars does not possess nay magnetic field and hence is a major obligation to maintain preferable conditions like on the Earth. But the good issue is that it has key elements in the soil which are very much required for leading a comfortable life on the Mars, like sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous as well as carbon. Large amount of water ice exist below the Martian surface as well as on the surface at the poles where it is mixed with dry ice. As per the estimations, there is large quantity of water pre sence on the mars, if all the water vapor mixed with the dry ice and that stored at the poles if melted will result in an ocean bed of 11m height over the entire mars surface. Another attractive feature for terraforming the mars surface is that the existence of oxygen in the mars atmosphere in the form of the liquid water, in the form of the metal oxides, as well in the form of CO2, the major constituent in the mars environment. Oxygen extraction from all these sources will be sufficient to make the plant habitable on the Mars (Fogg, 1993) (McKay et al, 2001) (Mole, 1995) (Thomas, 1995) (Zubrin, 1995). Strategies for making the Mars habitable Mars can be habituated by performing a sequence of activities that makes it good for the human habitation. The most important steps are like building up the atmosphere on the mars surface, keeping the surface of Mars warm as well as keeping the atmosphere from being lost to the outer space from the Mars surface. Once the mars is heated the abundant CO2 present on the surface of the Mars will result in keeping warm the surface of the warm, At the same time more CO2 will generated at the frozen poles of the planet and will result in enhancement of the atmospheric gases on the planet. Hence contribute to the atmosphere build up. So heating the planet and building of the atmosphere are both mutually augmenting processes on the planet (McKay, 2009) (Fogg, 2000) (Graham, 2003) (Zubrin 2011) (Zubrin, 1992). Other major attractive feature is the sublimation of the Co2 into the atmosphere. The rich quantity of Co2 existing at the poles of the planet if heated by the atmospheric heating process, it will result in the pressure built up and it is possible to reach high pressures as high as 30kPa it is comparable with the lowest pressures at high altitudes like Mount Everest. Other possible atmospheric built up activity is bringing and keeping the Nitrogen on the planet Mars. This can be imported from any one of the other planets existing in the solar system. Such transfer of Nitrogen on to the planet will keep the surface of the atmosphere sufficiently dense and comfortable. Other build up process will include importing of the hydrocarbons as well as methane gas into the Martian atmosphere. All these processes do have impact on the pressure levels on the surface of the mars and will make the atmosphere comfortable for human beings to lead a comfortable life. Importing hydrogen into the Marti an atmosphere will result in the formation of the water vapor as well as the necessary heat, water, and graphite to the atmosphere via the reaction called Bosch reaction. Use of fluorine compounds is another preferable import process to keep the climate conditions comfortable for the human habitation. Other techniques involves usage of the orbital mirrors round the surface of the mars will result in increase in the insolation of the mars and will result in the increase in the temperature of the mars surface. Other procedures for efficient usage of the Mars surface include spreading of the dark dust from the Mars moon. Introduction of the dark extremophile type of microbial life forms such as lichens, algae, bacteria etc. will make it absorb more amount of the sunlight and will keep the atmosphere warm. Making impact using asteroids is another popular technique where in the impact of the asteroids as well as the nitrogen collected from the asteroids will result in increasing the temp erature of the planet as well will also result in the nitrogen addition to the atmosphere. Is it feasible? Referring to the ideas presented in the fiction like Red mars, Green Mars and Blue mars novel collections, there is a great deal of work presented. Even though the novel is complete fiction, the ideas in the novel exhibit more a possible situation on Mars in the coming centuries. Even though the greater parts of the novel works on to present the responses of different human groups on earth and their fight against the autocracy by various multinational organizations with varying objectives, inherently the scientific back drop and the fiction presented in the novel has potential to become reality in the coming future. One of the great number of happenings in the novel are customizing the Mars planet as habitable, the techniques described are more probable to be realistic. Out of several techniques proposed in the literature, hitting the with asteroids to increase the temperature as well as the nitrogen content on the atmosphere is one of the most likely possible technique for terraform ing the Martian surface as habitable. Even though at the outset, the planet mars has nothing attractive to offer to the human beings, the continuous increase in the population of the planet Earth promoted a favorable condition to terraform the Mars surface to remain habitable. The option of the selecting the Mars has several underlying reasons, like Mars is the nearer planet to the earth as well it has number of ingredients sufficient to live on the planet mars. Water is abundantly available at the polar ice caps, Carbon and nitrogen which are primary requiements of the human beings living is abundantly available in the form of carbon dioxide in the martian atmosphere. Also present is Nitrogen which can be further imported or extracted by several means to keep up the atmpheric pressures on the martian surface. The present atmospheric concentration of the Mars surface contain 95.3% of carbon dioxide, 2.7% of nitrogen as well as 1.6% of Argon on the surface, 0.2% of oxygen. Considerin g the conditions on the other nearer planets, Mars proves to be an attractive planet for terraforming. Even though Venus is much nearer to the Earth, the average temperature on the surface of Venus is quite higher. Also Mars bears almost similar day night cycle timings (Rotational time) as well as the tilt of the mars also resemble much similar attributes like the Earth, gravitational pull one third that on the Earths surface. Possible technique of terraforming the Mars is setting up gigantic mirrors at a distance of few hundreds of miles of distance from the mars surface and re transforming the solar radiation on to the mars surface to keep the temperature of the mars surface to rise by few degress. The most important feature is to rise the temperature of the polar ice caps and to let the water solidified there to release carbon dioxide, believed to got trapped in. With few years of continuous heating, it is also possible to get CFCs on to the surface to make the environment more feasible for adaptation by the human beings and this inturn will result is sufficiently denser atmosphere for the human beings to live on. Even though considering the current traction effort required to reach mars from the earth, the hundreds of thousands of tons weight of the mirror panels are difficult to transport to the mars surface as of today, however it will be possible to carry out the construction of the mirrors on the m ars surface itself, this will make the strategy more practicable (Sparrow, 1992) (Otto, 2003) (Bonsor, 2014) (Ardelean et al, 2008) (Cockell, 2002) Other views of habitation An estimation of 200years is proposed in the literature for making the creation of the hard plant and microbial growth. After that it is possible to create conditions tolerable for human beings in a time of about 21000 years (J, 1992). Hayes et al (1992) proposed a practicable ecopoiesis on the mars environment, the process consist of planting hard microbes on the planet of the Mars to start grooming the biosphere on the mars surface. However the actual human habitation can happen a number of years after the evolution of the same. One approach as proposed by McKay et al (1991), considered that the release of the CHG and CFCs will warm up the planet by about 20K and this in turn will result in large quantities of the H2O from the polar caps, this water along with the large quantities of the CO2 present on the surface of the Mars will result in an atmosphere feasible for the plants to grow on. The pressurizing the planet do happen If there are sufficient Co2 reservoirs in the ice caps, if they are not present in additional Co2 would have to be released from the carbonate materials to make the atmosphere sufficiently dense for the growth of the human beings. This will take up a large number of years to yield desirable environment. More intensive research is required into the possibilities of studying the issues like availability of N2, warming Mars, methods of releasing Co2, Photochemistry and O2 mixing ration of 2 bar Co2, photo chemistry of O3 mixing, long term stability etc (Mckay et al, 1993) to completely understand the mars climatic conditions and to create a habitable life on the mars(McKay et al, 1998)(Moss,2006)(Hue et al 2014)(McKay, 2003)(Tomblin et al, 1998). Conclusion There are two things that actually promoted the interest in the mars habitation, one is the growing population on the earth and the other admiration in the similarities of the Martian environment and the Earths basic environment. The presence several mandatory ingredients on the earth like Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, water, phosphorous etc making it a viable option to be considered for habitation. Apart from these issues there are several other issues like similarity in the planetary rotational times, axis tilt of the planet as well as the similar but low gravitational forces etc made to consider the option of mars habitation as a favorable option. Infact the selection of the right strategy and the exact time it takes for habitation are still not clear and do require further intensive investigation of several issues to make an exact assessment. References Ardelean, I. I., Moisescu, C., Popoviciu, D. R. 2008. Magnetotactic bacteria and their potential for terraformation. InFrom Fossils to Astrobiology(pp. 335-350). Springer Netherlands. Bonsor, K. 2014. How Terraforming Mars Will Work.Howstuffworks, nd Web, Cockell, C. 2002., Mars is an awful place to live.Interdisciplinary Science Reviews,27(1), 32-38. Fogg, M. J. 1995. Terraforming Mars: conceptual solutions to the problem of plant growth in low concentrations of oxygen.Journal of the British Interplanetary Society,48(10), 427-434 Fogg, M. J. 1993, Terraforming: A review for environmentalists. Environmentalist,13(1), 7-17. Fogg, M. J. 1995, Terraforming Mars: a review of research.HTTP: www. users. globalnet. co. uk/~ mfogg/paper1. Fogg, M. J. 2000. The ethical dimensions of space settlement.Space Policy,16(3), 205-211. Graham, J. M. 2003. January, Stages in the terraforming of Mars: The transition to flowering plants. InSPACE TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS INT. FORUM-STAIF 2003: Conf. on Thermophysics in Microgravity; Commercial/Civil Next Generation Space Transportation; Human Space Exploration; Symps. on Space Nuclear Power and Propulsion (20th); Space Colonization (1st)(Vol. 654, No. 1, pp. 1284-1291). AIP Publishing. Hue, J., Farrow, J. A., Checklin, C., Miller, R. 2014. A2_3 Terraforming Mars: Creating a Magnetic Field.Physics Special Topics,1(1). Haynes, R. H., McKay, C. P. ,1992. The implantation of life on Mars: Feasibility and motivation.Advances in Space Research,Volume 12 Issue4,pp. 133-140. J, F. M., 1992. A synergic approach to terraforming Mars. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Volume 45, pp. 315-329. McKay, C. P. 1988 . Living and morking on Mars. InThe NASA Mars Conference(Vol. 1, pp. 511-522). McKay, C., DeVincenzi, D. L. 2003. Life on Mars: past, present, and future. Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences,48(3), 132-137. McKay, C. P., Toon, O. B., Kasting, J. F. ,1991 . Making Mars habitable. Nature,352(6335), 489-496 McKay, C. P. 2009. Planetary ecosynthesis on Mars: restoration ecology and environmental ethics.Exploring the origin, extent, and future of life: philosophical, ethical, and theological perspectives, 245-260. McKay, C. P., Marinova, M. M., 2001. The physics, biology, and environmental ethics of making Mars habitable.Astrobiology,1(1), 89-109. Mole, R. A., 1995. Terraforming Mars with four war-surplus bombs.Journal of the British Interplanetary Society,48(7), 321. Otto, E., 2003. Kim Stanley Robinson's Mars Trilogy and the Leopoldian Land Ethic.Utopian Studies, 118-135. Sparrow, R. 1999. The ethics of terraforming.Environmental Ethics,21(3), 227-245. Tomblin, D. C., Bentley, M. L. ,1998. Colonizing the Red Planet: An Interdisciplinary Activity.Science Activities: Classroom Projects and Curriculum Ideas,35(2), 28-34. Thomas, D. J, 1995. Biological aspects of the ecopoeisis and terraformation of Mars: Current perspectives and research.Journal of the British Interplanetary Society,48(10), 415-418. Zubrin, R., 1995. The economic viability of Mars colonization.Journal of the British Interplanetary Society,48(10), 407-414. Zubrin, R. ,2011.The case for Mars: The plan to settle the Red Planet and why we must. Simon and Schuster. Zubrin, R. M., Baker, D. A., 1992. Mars direct: humans to the red planet by 1999.Acta Astronautica,26(12), 899-912.

who to read literature Flashcard

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Zulu War Vocabulary

Zulu War Vocabulary The following is a list of common Zulu terms relevant to Zulu war culture and especially the Anglo-Zulu War of 1879. Zulu War Vocabulary isAngoma (plural: izAngoma): diviner, in contact with ancestral spirits, witch doctor.iBandla (plural: amaBandla): tribal council, assembly, and the members thereof.iBandhla imhlope (plural: amaBandhla amhlope): a white assembly, a married regiment which was still required to attend all the kings musters, rather than live in semi-retirement.iBeshu (plural: amaBeshu): calf-skin flap covering the buttocks, part of the basic umutsha costume.umBhumbluzo (plural: abaBhumbuluzo): Shorter war shield introduced by Cetshwayo in the 1850s during the civil war against Mbuyazi. Only 3.5 feet long compared to the longer traditional war shield, isihlangu, which measures t least 4 foot.iButho (plural: amaButho): regiment (or guild) of Zulu warriors, based on age-group. Sub-divided into amaviyo.isiCoco (plural: iziCoco): married Zulus headring made from binding a ring of fibre into the hair, coated in a mixture of charcoal and gum, and polished with beeswax. It was a common practice to share part or all of the rest of the head to accentuate the presence of the isicoco - although this varied from one Zulu to the next, and shaving the hair not a required part of a warriors costume. inDuna (plural: izinDuna): a state official appointed by the king, or by a local chief. Also commander of group of warriors. Various levels of responsibility occurred, rank would be indicated by the amount of personal decoration – see inGxotha, isiQu.isiFuba (plural: iziFuba): the chest, or centre, of the traditional Zulu attack formation.isiGaba (plural: iziGaba): a group of related amaviyo within a single ibutho.isiGodlo (plural: iziGodlo): the king, or a chiefs, residence found at the upper end of his homestead. Also the term for the women in the kings household.inGxotha (plural: izinGxotha): heavy brass arm-band awarded for by the Zulu king for outstanding service or bravery.isiHlangu (plural: iziHlangu): traditional large war shield, approximately 4 foot long.isiJula (plural: iziJula): short-bladed throwing spear, used in battle.iKhanda (plural: amaKhanda): military barracks where an ibutho was stationed, bequested to the regiment by the king.umKhonto (plural: imiKhonto): general term for a spear. umKhosi (plural: imiKhosi): first fruits ceremony, held annually.umKhumbi (plural: imiKhumbi): an assembly (of men) held in a circle.isiKhulu (plural: iziKhulu): literally great one, a high ranking warrior, decorated for bravery and service, or an important person in the Zulu hierarchy, a member of a council of elders.iKlwa (plural: amaKlwa): Shakan stabbing-spear, otherwise known as an assegai.iMpi (plural: iziMpi): Zulu army, and word meaning war.isiNene (plural: iziNene): twisted strips of either civet, green monkey (insamango), or genet fur hanging as tails in front of the genitals as part of the umutsha.. Senior ranked warriors would have a multi-coloured isinene made from two or more different furs twisted together.iNkatha (plural: iziNkatha): the sacred grass coil, a symbol of the Zulu nation.umNcedo (plural: abaNcedo): plaited grass sheath used to cover male genitals. Most basic form of Zulu costume.iNsizwa (plural: iziNsizwa): unmarried Zulu, a young man. Youth was a term re lated to lack of marital status rather than actual age. umNtwana (plural: abaNtwana): Zulu prince, member of the Royal house and son of the king.umNumzane (plural: abaNumzane): the headman of a homestead.iNyanga (plural: iziNyanga): traditional herbal doctor, medicine man.isiPhapha (plural: iziPhapha): throwing-spear, usually with a short, broad blade, used for hunting game.uPhaphe (plural: oPhaphe): feathers used to decorate the headdress:iNdwa: the Blue Crane, has long (roughly 8 inches), graceful slate-grey tail feathers. Single feather used at front of umqhele headress, or one placed either side. Mainly used by higher ranking warriors.iSakabuli: the Longtailed Widow, the breeding male has a long (up to 1 foot) black tail feathers. The feathers were often tied to porcupine quills and fixed inside the headband. Sometimes woven into a basketwork ball, umnyakanya, and worn at the front of the umqhele headband, denoting an unmarried ibutho.iNtshe: the ostrich, both black and white feathers used. White tail-feathers significantly longer (1. 5 feet) than the black body-feathers.iGwalagwala: Knysna Lourie and the Purple-crested Lourie, green to greenish black tail feather (eight inches long) and crimson/metallic purple feathers from wings (four inches). Bunches of these feathers were used for the headdresses of very high ranking warriors. iPhovela (plural: amaPhovela): headdress made of stiffened cow-skin, usually in the form of two horns. worn by unmarried regiments. Often decorated with feathers (see ophaphe).uPondo (plural: izimPondo): the horns, or wings, of the traditional Zulu attack formation.umQhele (plural: imiQhele): Zulu warriors headband. Made from a tube of fur padded out with dried bull-rushes or cow dung. Junior regiments would wear imiqhele made from leopard skin, senior regiments would have otter skin. Would also have amabheqe, ear-flaps made from the pelt of the Samango monkey, and isinene tails hanging from the back.isiQu (plural: iziQu): bravery necklace made from interlocking wooden beads, presented to the warrior by the king.iShoba (plural: amaShoba): tufted cow-tails, formed by flaying part of the hide with tail attached. Used for arm- and leg- fringes (imiShokobezi), and for necklaces.umShokobezi (plural: imiShokobezi): cow-tail decorations worn on the arms and/or legs.amaSi (plural only): curd led milk, staple diet of the Zulu. umThakathi (plural: abaThakathi): wizard, sorcerer, or witch.umuTsha (plural: imiTsha): loincloth, basic Zulu outfit, worn over the umncedo. Consists of a thin belt made of cow hide with ibeshu, a soft calf-skin flap over the buttocks, and isinene, twisted strips of either civet, Samango monkey or genet fur hanging as tails in front of the genitals.uTshwala: thick, creamy sorghum beer, rich in nutrients.umuVa (plural: imiVa): Zulu army reserves.iViyo (plural: amaViyo): a company-sized group of Zulu warriors, usually between 50 and 200 men. Would be commanded by a junior level induna.iWisa (plural: amaWisa): knobkerrie, a knob-headed stick or war club used to bash out the brains of a foe.umuZi (plural: imiZi): a family-based village or homestead, also the people who live there.

Would you recommend a new nation adopt a presidential or parliamentary Essay

Would you recommend a new nation adopt a presidential or parliamentary system of government in the early 21st century - Essay Example One of the good consequences of this phenomenon is that people have stopped taking their political systems for granted and have begun to think of the merits and demerits of parliamentary and presidential forms of government. This spirit of questioning can be seen even in fictional representations of the nation that question the validity of the very concept like The Shadow Lines (Ghosh 2000). There are also theorists who disagree with the very idea of difference between these two very different forms of government. For instance, the political thinker Juan J. Linz, in his article, â€Å"Presidential or parliamentary democracy: Does it make a difference?† talks of the differences that do not make a change at the level of the grassroots (1994). The failure of democracies to fulfill the aspirations of people in different nation states is a cause for worry. This does not however, mean that the very idea is dropped. This needs to be the case as a better alternative is unavailable and according to most political thinkers, impossible. The natural status that democracy has been accorded may be the reason for this; however, whether it is parliamentary or presidential democracy that is good for a single nation or all nations is a question that remains unanswered. To propose any one form of government as a one-stop solution would be a mistake. This is primarily a consequence of the fact that every single nation is different from the other and requires different forms of governments. This paper shall look at four countries- the United States of America, the United Kingdom, India and Sri Lanka. These countries represent different social and political landscapes and also different forms of government. While the United States of America follows a presidential form of governance, India and the United Kingdom are followers of the parliamentary form of government. Sri Lanka has been

Earth science (geology) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Earth science (geology) - Essay Example an aquifer it is very important that the unit should be fully saturated, has open voids or spaces and could provide sufficient amount of groundwater at fast rates to wells and springs. An aquifer can of three types – unconfined, confined or perched. An unconfined aquifer is one which has no confining layer between the zone of saturation and the land surface. A confined aquifer has a layer in between the land surface and the saturated zone. This confining layer either allows water to pass through it at a very low rate or not at all. Confining layers are generally made up of clay, silts or rocks such as shale. Lastly, a perched aquifer is the saturated zone which is situated in the zone of aeration and lies above the confined layer. The unconfined aquifer has the capability to provide the maximum amount of water, followed by the confined aquifer. A perched aquifer can provide water enough only for a household (â€Å"Groundwater storage in aquifers†, n.d). The potentiality of an aquifer in a region can be determined on the basis of the permeability (capacity to transfer water) and porosity (capacity to hold water) of the geological material. According to research, the most potential usable aquifers are found in regions where the land is comprised of unconsolidated sand and gravel because they allow the maximum permeability of groundwater to be transferred to wells and also have the capacity to hold maximum water (â€Å"Maine Geological Survey†, 2011). Other regions where productive aquifers are found are the aquifers which are formed of sandstone, limestone, dolomite or basalt flows. Sedimentary rocks such as sandstones or carbonates form one of the best aquifers since they have high levels of porosity. Certain fractured or dissolute sedimentary rocks also have the capacity of holding significant amount of water and therefore can act as good aquifers. Limestones are also productive aquifers since they are highly permeable. Aqui fers formed by fractured metamorphic

Different behavioral pattern Essay Example for Free

Different behavioral pattern Essay People from different countries have different behavioral pattern, depending upon their culture, values and ethics. They develop their mannerism from these factors. If we take into account Americans, Japanese, and Saudi Arabian and try and find out how they behave on one particular way, specially when making contact with each other while talking. We can make out amongst them who are who. An American will try and make himself stand at distance he will try to adjust himself at a comfortable position from the person he is talking to at the same time he will try and maintain eye contact. A Japanese may shake hand and stand very close while talking but he usually keep his gaze down, unlike American where his habit of constantly gazing will make you feel as you are been screened. An Arab will like to be at a very close distance from the person he is talking to, may be as close as you can feel his breath, they also like lot of check-to-check social kissing, the Hollywood style. The body language do half the talking, we all know that. But for that, we have to understand cross-cultural differences, like the one stated above in which how the people from three different countries are behaving in a different manner. If we do not understand that then we might make the people we are talking to feel uncomfortable. As an American can make a Japanese uncomfortable with his continuous gaze, and similarly Arab can make American uncomfortable with his closeness. In some South American and Mediterranean societies eye contact, touching and smiling and standing at a foot distance is preferred style of communication where on the other hand in Northern Europe, a lingering gaze may feel invasive, manipulative or disgraceful, they chat at a distance of two and a half feet. If we look at Estonians, they are non-contact people. On the other hand, Russians are high contact people. So the reaction for each other is like, Russian feels Estonians are cold and Estonians feels Russians are pushy. Caucasians feels averting eye contact may be a gesture to hide misbehavior, where for Asian it’s a sign of respect. An American will suspect an unknown person who took a elevator with him and tries to smile and stand at a very close distance, where usually he would have taken another corner and gazed in space. Thus a very suspicious feeling for such person will arise. It is mostly seen this kind of behaviour from a criminal or from the patients of schizophrenia where he approaches and get closer to the other person more than usual. Be very sure the closer you let your stranger to be the more vulnerable you become. The spatial differences amongst cultures points more than self-protection. In Middle East people get the information about the strangers by their sense of smell and touch, which requires close approach. Americans, rely on visual information, therefore, they don’t need to be so close to the subject. They rather step back and see an intelligent whole picture of the person. Conversational distance tell us the about the standard greeting distance in each culture. The need for more or less space means something of the cultural temperament. There is gender difference also other than country difference. A woman seems to have more eye contact than men. Also a woman feel neglected if this conversational distance is too much. They feel that the partner is indifferent. With the businesses growing global a need for a new breed of consultants has immerged, who interpret to these globe-trotters of all nationalities the meaning and use of personal space. There are special classes also for this kind of cultural behaviour, which will be a great help to understand each other.

Francis Bacons Scientifically Revolutionary Utopia Essay -- essays res

Francis Bacon’s Scientifically Revolutionary Utopia   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The New Atlantis is a seventeenth century depiction of a utopia by Francis Bacon. In this novel, Francis Bacon continues on More’s utopian ideas. Unlike More, however, Bacon relied on societal change via advancements in science and ones own awareness of his environment rather than through religious reforms or social legislation. The seventeenth century marks a period in history where drastic social change occurred. This change, however, was not as much political or technological but religious. During this time, the introduction of ideas and theories, starting with the renown Galileo and Isaac Newton, spread a wave of enlightenment across Europe as people began to question the teachings and the overall infidelity of the church.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beginning in the seventeenth century Europeans began seeing a shift from the med-evil teachings of the church to a more enlightened scientific world. Although the Catholics were still against science and political democracy, a wave of new Protestants were very progressive. With the Catholic Church becoming aware that it was loosing some of its following to science, it tried desperate measures such as the inquisition where they questioned and tried to get rid of people not committed and devout to the church. Despite these measures, however, the church was basically trying to hold back the tide as a plethora of knowledge began to flow into society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Galileo was born in 1564 in a time where society was very conforming to the teachings of the church. Despite his discoveries, Galileo was very religious though he tied religion and science into his life. Galileo’s great contribution to science was the telescope, however his greater contribution was the gift of awareness and knowledge. Before Galileo, it was generally accepted that the earth was the center of the universe. This was not based upon data or facts, but merely because the church said so. Prior to the seventeenth century, Europe was stuck in the med-evil era of church teachings. With Galileo’s telescope, however, he was able to show that the sun rather than the earth was the center of the universe. Although this new discovery had a large scientific value, it had a larger impact to society on a religious level.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &nb... ...ls. This is exemplified in the book when the servants and priests refuse to be paid twice for their civil duties. These basic ideas are carried on into the nineteenth century and the period of the enlightenment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the nineteenth century, skepticism about Christianity is formulated and people begin to look for rationality and reasoning behind every day life. Furthermore, the concept of â€Å"tabula rasa† or â€Å"blank slate† is formed and people begin to realize that positions should be filled based on qualifications and skill rather than bloodlines.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All in all, Francis Bacon’s New Atlantis is the first of the scientific utopias and his ideas are definitely indicative of seventeenth century and the scientific revolution. Bacon’s ideas for utopia are more realistic than other communistic utopias in that he proposes to satisfy people’s wants for material possessions through scientific advances rather than through coaxing them into higher moral states. Bacon urged his readers to actively seek out this perfect world and in many ways, though not actually occurring, society gravitates towards this ideal in the eighteenth century.

Wal Mart

What are the potential effects of computerized scheduling on employee morale? The first one is that this gives more flexibility to the store managers. They can now work more effectively because the system favours productivity and customer satisfaction. Therefore from a managerial point of view, managers are more satisfied with the new system. However, the system generates a schedule that gives more flexibility to workers but less pay checks. Indeed, the workers are no more stable because their working schedule can fluctuate at any time. Therefore, job insecurity increases and the worker cannot feel at ease because he cannot plan his week.Besides, the irregular working hours put the workers in more difficulty in their social life. Moreover, the system gives opportunities for the managers not to give overtime or full-time wages to the workers. These ones will be tensed because they will need more working hours in other to put bread on the table in their households. We can assume that W al-Mart, being the company that gives the lowest wage rate in the US, people that work for this company need money in order to survive in society. So this system turns out to be not at all beneficial morally for the employees.Finally, we can assert that this system gives more power to the managers to fire employees who do not fit into the computerized system. Therefore, the level of employee satisfaction goes down. What are the consequences of these effects for Wal-Mart? The first consequence of this effect is that it gives very bad publicity to Wal-Mart. Indeed, Wal-Mart was known to be the company that gives the lowest wage rate in the US. Moreover, from a social point a view, it was observed that the workers were mainly people from the low class and were from Hispanic origin.So before the new computerized system, Wal-Mart was not a renowned company for its social ways of doing. Now, people will know that the company has given even more insecurity to its cheap labour. The second c onsequence is that the company might have more difficulties to find workers because people will know that the job insecurity has increased. For instance, a company like Walt Disney also gives a low level of wages but the firm gives social benefits (medical aid and social security). This company will therefore be more attractive although it has a computerized system to schedule the workers’ hours.Therefore, Wal-Mart will have competitive disadvantages to find cheap labour because they do not consider the worker’s point of view The last consequence is that from a legal point of view, the company has been criticized. Indeed, the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 says that workers cannot be used as an article of commerce. Therefore, people are now saying that the company is using its workers as objects. This goes against Human rights and it gives an awful image to the firm. This gives a lack of credibility to the company and shame to its shareholders. Wal Mart What are the potential effects of computerized scheduling on employee morale? The first one is that this gives more flexibility to the store managers. They can now work more effectively because the system favours productivity and customer satisfaction. Therefore from a managerial point of view, managers are more satisfied with the new system. However, the system generates a schedule that gives more flexibility to workers but less pay checks. Indeed, the workers are no more stable because their working schedule can fluctuate at any time. Therefore, job insecurity increases and the worker cannot feel at ease because he cannot plan his week.Besides, the irregular working hours put the workers in more difficulty in their social life. Moreover, the system gives opportunities for the managers not to give overtime or full-time wages to the workers. These ones will be tensed because they will need more working hours in other to put bread on the table in their households. We can assume that W al-Mart, being the company that gives the lowest wage rate in the US, people that work for this company need money in order to survive in society. So this system turns out to be not at all beneficial morally for the employees.Finally, we can assert that this system gives more power to the managers to fire employees who do not fit into the computerized system. Therefore, the level of employee satisfaction goes down. What are the consequences of these effects for Wal-Mart? The first consequence of this effect is that it gives very bad publicity to Wal-Mart. Indeed, Wal-Mart was known to be the company that gives the lowest wage rate in the US. Moreover, from a social point a view, it was observed that the workers were mainly people from the low class and were from Hispanic origin.So before the new computerized system, Wal-Mart was not a renowned company for its social ways of doing. Now, people will know that the company has given even more insecurity to its cheap labour. The second c onsequence is that the company might have more difficulties to find workers because people will know that the job insecurity has increased. For instance, a company like Walt Disney also gives a low level of wages but the firm gives social benefits (medical aid and social security). This company will therefore be more attractive although it has a computerized system to schedule the workers’ hours.Therefore, Wal-Mart will have competitive disadvantages to find cheap labour because they do not consider the worker’s point of view The last consequence is that from a legal point of view, the company has been criticized. Indeed, the Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 says that workers cannot be used as an article of commerce. Therefore, people are now saying that the company is using its workers as objects. This goes against Human rights and it gives an awful image to the firm. This gives a lack of credibility to the company and shame to its shareholders.

Jane Austen Profile Novelist of the Romantic Period

Known for: popular novels of the Romantic period Dates: December 16, 1775 - July 18, 1817 About Jane Austen Jane Austens father, George Austen, was an Anglican clergyman, and raised his family in his parsonage. Like his wife, Cassandra Leigh Austen, he was descended from landed gentry that had become involved in manufacturing with the coming of the Industrial Revolution. George Austen supplemented his income as a rector with farming and with tutoring boys who boarded with the family. The family was associated with the Tories and maintained a sympathy for the Stuart succession rather than the Hanoverian. Jane was sent for the first year or so of her life to stay with her wetnurse. Jane was close to her sister Cassandra, and letters to Cassandra that survive have helped later generations understand the life and work of Jane Austen. As was usual for girls at the time, Jane Austen was educated primarily at home; her brothers, other than George, were educated at Oxford. Jane was well-read; her father had a large library of books including novels. From 1782 to 1783, Jane and her older sister Cassandra studied at the home of their aunt, Ann Cawley, returning after a bout with typhus, of which Jane nearly died. In 1784, the sisters were at a boarding school in Reading, but the expense was too great and the girls returned home in 1786. Writing Jane Austen began writing, about 1787, circulating her stories mainly to family and friends. On George Austens retirement in 1800, he moved the family to Bath, a fashionable social retreat. Jane found the environment was not conducive to her writing, and wrote little for some years, though she sold her first novel while living there. The publisher held it from publication until after her death. Marriage Possibilities Jane Austen never married. Her sister, Cassandra, was engaged for a time to Thomas Fowle, who died in the West Indies and left her with a small inheritance. Jane Austen had several young men court her. One was Thomas Lefroy whose family opposed the match, another a young clergyman who suddenly died. Jane accepted the proposal of the wealthy Harris Bigg-Wither, but then withdrew her acceptance to the embarrassment of both parties and their families. 1805–1817 When George Austen died in 1805, Jane, Cassandra, and their mother moved first to the home of Janes brother Francis, who was frequently away. Their brother, Edward, had been adopted as heir by a wealthy cousin; when Edwards wife died, he provided a home for Jane and Cassandra and their mother on his estate. It was at this home in Chawton where Jane resumed her writing. Henry, a failed banker who had become a clergyman like his father, served as Janes literary agent. Jane Austen died, probably of Addisons disease, in 1817. Her sister, Cassandra, nursed her during her illness. Jane Austen was buried in Winchester Cathedral. Novels Published Jane Austens novels were first published anonymously; her name does not appear as author until after her death. Sense and Sensibility was written By a Lady, and posthumous publications of Persuasion and Northanger Abbey were credited simply to the author of Pride and Prejudice and Mansfield Park. Her obituaries disclosed that she had written the books, as does her brother Henrys Biographical Notice in editions of Northanger Abbey and Persuasion. Juvenilia were published posthumously. Novels Northanger Abbey  - sold 1803, not published until 1819Sense and Sensibility  - published 1811 but Austen had to pay the printing costsPride and Prejudice  - 1812Mansfield Park  - 1814Emma  - 1815Persuasion  - 1819 Family Father: George Austen, Anglican clergyman, died 1805Mother: Cassandra LeighSiblings: Jane Austen was the seventh of eight children.James, also a Church of England clergymanGeorge, institutionalized, disability uncertain:  may have been mental retardation, may have been deafnessHenry, banker then Anglican clergyman, served as Janes agent with her publishersFrancis and Charles, fought in the Napoleonic wars, became admiralsEdward, adopted as heir by a wealthy cousin, Thomas Knightolder sister Cassandra (1773 - 1845) who also never marriedAunt: Ann Cawley; Jane Austen and her sister Cassandra studied at her home 1782-3Aunt: Jane Leigh Perrot, who hosted the family for a time after George Austen retiredCousin: Eliza, Comtesse of Feuillide, whose husband was guillotined during the Reign of Terror in France, and who later married Henry Selected Quotations For what do we live, but to make sport for our neighbors, and laugh at them in our turn? The quarrels of popes and kings, with wars and pestilences in every page; the men all so good for nothing, and hardly any women at all — it is very tiresome. Let other pens dwell on guilt and misery. One half of the world cannot understand the pleasures of the other. A woman, especially if she has the misfortune of knowing anything, should conceal it as well as she can. One cannot be always laughing at a man without now and then stumbling on something witty. If there is anything disagreeable going on men are always sure to get out of it. What strange creatures brothers are! A ladys imagination is very rapid; it jumps from admiration to love, from love to matrimony in a moment. Human nature is so well disposed towards those who are in interesting situations, that a young person, who either marries or dies, is sure to be kindly spoken of. It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. If a woman doubts as to whether she should accept a man or not, she certainly ought to refuse him. If she can hesitate as to Yes, she ought to say No, directly. It is always incomprehensible to a man that a woman should refuse an offer of marriage. Why not seize the pleasure at once? How often is happiness destroyed by preparation, foolish preparation! Nothing is more deceitful than the appearance of humility. It is often only carelessness of opinion, and sometimes an indirect boast. Man is more robust than woman, but he is not longer lived; which exactly explains my view of the nature of their attachments. I do not want people to be agreeable, as it saves me that trouble of liking them. One does not love a place the less for having suffered in it unless it has all been suffering, nothing but suffering. Those who do not complain are never pitied. It is happy for you that you possess the talent of flattering with delicacy. May I ask whether these pleasing attentions proceed from the impulse of the moment, or are the result of previous study? From politics, it was an easy step to silence. A large income is the best recipe for happiness I ever heard of. It is very difficult for the prosperous to be humble. How quick come the reasons for approving what we like! ...as the clergy are, or are not what they ought to be, so are the rest of the nation. ...the soul is of no sect, no party: it is, as you say, our passions and our prejudices, which give rise to our religious and political distinctions. You ought certainly to forgive them as a Christian, but never to admit them in your sight, or allow their names to be mentioned in your hearing.